What does the term "alibi" represent in a legal context?

In a legal context, the term "alibi" refers to a defense mechanism where an individual demonstrates that they were elsewhere at the time a crime was committed, thereby proving their innocence. It involves providing evidence, which may include witness testimonies, video footage, or other documentation, that supports the assertion that the accused could not have been present at the crime scene. This concept is crucial in criminal law, as it helps to substantiate the case for the accused by establishing that they could not have committed the alleged offense.

The other options represent different legal concepts that do not align with the definition of an alibi. A written statement of fact pertains to factual documentation but does not specifically address the defense of being elsewhere during a crime. A strategy for negotiation relates to plea bargaining or discussions between lawyers and prosecutors, which isn't the same as establishing an alibi. A formal charge against an individual, such as an indictment or complaint, refers to accusations brought forward in court rather than a defense asserting innocence based on location during the commission of a crime.